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| Year:
2026 |
Month:
January
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Volume:
15 |
Issue:
1 |
Page:
MO01 - MO07 |
Bacteriological Profile, Characterisation of MDR and XDR Bacteria in Pyogenic Infections among Patients: A Descriptive Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Correspondence
Sonali Waske, Abha Ekka, Pushpendra Pathak, Yogyata Marothi,
Dr. Sonali Waske,
Agar Road F9 Charak Residency, Ujjain-456006, Madhya Pradesh, India.
E-mail: SonaliWaske04@gmail.com :
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Introduction: Pyogenic infections are prevalent in India and can manifest in diverse body parts, including the skin and soft-tissues, respiratory tract, and visceral organs. The pathogenesis of pyogenic infections is typically attributed to microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The emergence of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) organisms complicates their management. A comprehensive understanding of aetiology, predisposing factors, and therapeutic modalities of pyogenic infections is essential for effective management.
Aim: To identify MDR and XDR isolates in pus samples and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.
Materials and Methods: This hospital-based descriptive retrospective study was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory at CRGH Hospital and Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India, from March 2024 to April 2025. The study included all pus samples, regardless of age and gender, that yielded growth of pathogenic bacteria. A total of 342 pus samples were received in sterile containers and were immediately processed for microscopic examination and culture on routine Blood Agar and Mac Conkey Agar, following standard guidelines. After identifying bacteria using various biochemical tests, their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) was performed according to established standards. Isolates were classified as MDR or XDR based on standard definitions. For statistical analysis, the Chi-square test was applied to find the association of risk factors and co-morbidities with pyogenic infections, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Among the 342 pus samples, 174 were male (51%) and 168 were female (49%). The majority of samples from males were received from the 51 to 60-year age group (51 samples, 29.4%), followed by the 41 to 50-year age group (42 samples, 24.1%). A total of 164 organisms (48%) were isolated. Co-morbid conditions included diabetes mellitus (62 cases, 18%) and addictive behaviours such as smoking (121 cases, 35%) and alcoholism (108 cases, 32%). The associations of co-morbidities (such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, their co-existence, trauma, and tuberculosis) and addictive behaviours (such as smoking, alcoholism, and their co-existence) with pyogenic infections were analysed, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. The predominant Gram-Negative Bacteria (GNB) isolated from the Enterobacterales were E. coli (44 isolates, 26.8%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (31 isolates, 18.9%). Among the non fermenting GNB, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 10 cases (6.1%) and Acinetobacter spp. in 3 cases (1.8%). The Gram-Positive Cocci (GPC) isolated included Staphylococcus aureus (41 cases, 25%). GNB were mainly susceptible to the carbapenem group (Meropenem and Ertapenem), and all S. aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin. The prevalence of MDR and XDR among GNB was 37 (40.2%) and 31 (33.6%), respectively. The percentages of MDR and XDR in E. coli were 24 (54.5%) and 10 (22.7%), respectively, while in K. pneumoniae, both MDR and XDR were found in 11 cases (35.4%). The prevalence of MDR among S. aureus was 34 (82.9%), with methicillin-resistant S. aureus found in 24 cases (59%).
Conclusion: This study identified diabetes mellitus, smoking, and alcoholism as frequently observed risk factors. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rising significantly in MDR and XDR strains among both GNB and GPC. It is crucial to initiate the development and implementation of effective antimicrobial stewardship programs.
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